The circulating cooling water is treated to minimise scaling and fouling and to remove particulates. The basics of cooling tower water treatment the purpose of a cooling tower is to remove the heat generated by an hvac system cooling of compressor refrigerant and heat generated by the compressor itself. Cooling towers are constantly exposed to environmental contaminants and bacteria. They require specialized maintenance to ensure safe, efficient, and reliable operation, including an effective water treatment program. The flow of air through this tower is dependent upon wind velocity and upon the draft produced by the chimney design of the tower. The metro handbook nashville district energy system. The fan at the top of the tower induces a draft, which causes water evaporation and cooling.
One of the primary differentiations between cooling towers is whether it is an open or closedcircuit tower. The nalco water handbook, fourth edition, explains water management fundamentals and clearly shows how to improve water quality, minimize usage, and optimize treatment. The metro handbook of water treatment for hvac systems 4 1 introduction this book discusses the technology of treating water for use in commercial and industrial heat. There are no claims, however, that magnetic devices control microbial growth in cooling tower. The cooling tower cell is generally part of a larger system that requires startup by a technician with knowledge about the entire system. This is accomplished by pumping the warm cooling water from the condenser to a cooling tower where the waste heat is dissipated. Examples of the most common applications for cooling tower water treatment include cooling the water used in petrochemical plants, oil refineries, hvac systems for cooling. In technical terms, cooling towers are engineered and designed based on a specified cooling load, expressed in refrigeration tons. The procedures provide information on the application. This requires a rapid response, accurate detection and a tailored program to control biological growth. Cooling towers are recirculating water systems used to remove heat from building air conditioning equipment and industrial processes. As the universal solvent, water is capable of dissolving a variety of materials as well as holding. The specific configuration of your system will depend on several things, including. The water consumption rate of a cooling tower system is only about 5% of that of a oncethrough system, making it the least expensive system to.
From the sump cool water is pumped back to the heat exchanger. Technical reference for water conservation in cooling towers 1st edition. Outline water mechanical systems requiring water treatment. A basic understanding of the system water distribution shall be established in order to properly operate and maintain a cooling tower on a water. The cooling water handbook a basic guide to understanding industrial cooling water systems. Cooling towers began to see efforts of water treatment during the 1930s. Operators can reduce cooling tower water consumption by. Evapco is dedicated to designing and manufacturing the highest quality products for the evaporative cooling. Other system components that generally accompany the cooling tower cell include an indoor reservoir, process and cooling tower pumps, a water filteringsystem, a control system and a water treatment. Pdf the nalco water handbook 2nd edition hamzah zuhdi. Cooling is accomplished through the latent heat of vaporization.
A cooling tower water treatment system is an arrangement of technologies that remove damaging impurities from your cooling tower feed water, circulation water, andor blowdown. In this type of cooling tower the water to be cooled is distributed evenly. Water treatment for cooling towers 1 of 2 water treatment helps ensure that heattransfer surfaces perform to design specifications by amanda meitz, senior microbiologist, nalco diversified technologies, inc. Guides and recommended procedures for water treatment forms annual report. Cooling tower water treatment application note sensorex.
The primary treatment was ph adjustment with either acids or alkalis. Chemtreat field engineers are experts at customizing treatment programs to ensure heat exchangers operate at peak efficiency and the cooling water system effectively reduces the process fluid temperature. Chapter 01 water sources, impurities in water and chemistry. Chapter 25 deposit and scale control cooling system. Technical reference for water conservation in cooling towers. Our cooling tower water treatment programs are designed to provide proper chemical water treatment and preventive maintenance of open recirculating, oncethrough and closed recirculating cooling tower. Chapter 03 applying quality methods to water treatment. Cooling towers overcome most of these problems and therefore are commonly used to dissipate heat from water cooled refrigera tion, airconditioning, and industrial process systems.
Treatment of cooling water will be different depending upon the kind of system in use. This public works technical bulletin pwtb transmits the industrial water treatment procedures handbook. Sodium chlorite treatment of cooling water with chlorine. Chemical treatment of water for cooling and heating systems. The evaporation can by estimated from a heat balance around the cooling tower. Cooling tower blowdown treatment is managed by using conductivity sensors to monitor cooling tower makeup water. Chemical treatment of water for cooling and heating systems prepared and presented by. The langelier saturation index lsi was developed in 1936. In order to promote public education and public safety, equal justice for all, a better informed citizenry, the rule of law, world trade and world peace, this legal document is hereby. Treatment of water for cooling towers code of practice first revision see other formats disclosure to promote the right to information whereas the.
Based on the reading from the sensors, a conductivity controller can open or close valves, allowing automatic cooling tower bleed off or side stream filtration. Chapter 8 cooling towers system shutdown and start. Cooling towers of type ewkda are mechanical draught series type cooling towers working in counter flow principle. These solids concentrate and increase the scaling, corrosion, and fouling potential of the water. Best management practice and guidance manual for cooling towers. As water evaporates in a cooling tower, dissolved solids and suspended solids remain behind. Cooling tower cycles of concentration cycle of concentration coc ratio of concentration in dissolved solids blowdown vs makeup water typical coc 2. What is a cooling tower water treatment system and how. Cooling towers can cycle water numerous times before the water becomes saturated and must.
Water treatment cooling towers, evaporative condensers. Makeup water water added to the system to replace water lost through evaporation, bleed of and windage recirculation the rate at which water circulates in the cooling tower in m 3 hour litressec bleed off water deliberately bled from the system to prevent the cooling system water. Cooling towers clicking on a companys name will take you to their web site. The cooling effect occurs because some of the water evaporates into a stream of air in contact with the water within the cooling tower.
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